Will your retirement accounts survive the next downturn?
A reporter asked Mike Tyson if he was worried about Evander Holyfield and his “fight plan.”
He famously answered; “Everyone has a plan until they get punched in the mouth.”
Maybe you’ve got a great plan for your retirement portfolio. You saved up some money to fund your twilight years.
What if the stock market takes a huge, steamy dump just as your transition to retirement?
You just got punched in the mouth!
What can you do about that?
Disclaimer: I am not a certified financial planner. This post is a quick overview of complicated financial topics. You’ll have a better idea how to protect your portfolio and navigate withdrawing retirement funds after reading this. If you want a more thorough understanding of these issues, however, I recommend reading the source materials I’ve linked to and/or talking to a financial planner about your specific situation.
I believe in the 4% rule, and it’s my spending plan for retirement.
According to the Trinity study, you are safely able to withdraw 4% of your retirement portfolio each year with very low risk of ever running out of money.
The times where you could run out of money are fairly predictable.
It’s when large losses to your account occur in the first several years you are taking withdrawals.
You can greatly mitigate this problem and increase your chances of funding the rest of your life by practicing these two simple steps:
Lower volatility by gradually shifting to more conservative investments.
Adjust withdrawal amounts based on sequence of returns risk.
I came to visit Doug Nordman (The Military Guide), who after 20 years in the Navy, now spends his time surfing and writing about military personal finance (in that order).
I just hit 20 years in the military myself, and like he did, designed a life where I’ll now pursue my interests instead of being tied to a desk.
Click title to go to Youtube Channel
We’re not the only people doing this.
We are part of a growing community focused on the best way to achieve financial independence earlier than most.
This is an order of operations checklist. There are reasons why you should do things in this order. It’s optimized.
It will help you achieve your personal finance goals faster and easier than we did.
The very first thing you do with your money, even before you start paying off debt, is contribute enough money to your TSP or 401k to get the free match that is offered.
This only applies if you have matching available in your TSP or 401(k).
If matching is not offered, skip this step.
The reason for taking matching in the TSP first is simple.
It’s free money.
You don’t want to miss it.
It is a much higher return on investment (ROI) than paying off debt.
In the case of the TSP, if you contribute 5%, the government gives you a match of 5%.
This money essentially gets doubled. That’s why it’s first on our list!
Since creating my Personal Capital account, I have become an affiliate of the company, meaning I may receive a commission if you take advantage of these tools at no cost to you.
The concept of checking my net worth and monitoring my finances closely was key in building a large portfolio before 40 years old capable of supporting my family without ever working again.
Checking net worth often is a bad idea, right? Wrong. It reminds you to make smart financial decisions.
A Forbes study showed 80% of people with goals to save money give up in the first month.
The habit of tracking your net worth will drastically improve the amount of money you invest each year.
Lack of attention to net worth makes it easy to justify spending that derails your financial goals.
An online financial advisor with several free tools that can help you analyze your investments and grow your net worth.
If you have financial accounts totaling over $100k, they’ll ask you if you want to sign you up for fee-based personalized management.
If you let them know you’re not interested in this services, they stop asking, but you can still use their free tools and track all your accounts in one place.
Why I Use Personal Capital
My wife Eileen has been tracking our net worth on Excel spreadsheets for the last 20 years.
Tracking on Excel manually is a considerable pain-in-the-ass, but it helped us achieve our financial goals.
I tried using other services like Mint, Quickbooks, and even my bank (USAA) website to combine accounts, but they all sucked!
Using Personal Capital is so much easier and more accurate than tracking finances ourselves.
We realized that over our saving careers, attention to our net worth and financial goals fueled our success in finances.
We are retired for good at 45, enjoying the fruits of our investments, and looking forward to the new opportunities in front of us.
Here’s what I love about Personal Capital:
A U.S. based online financial advisor with $16 billion under management.
Has FREE must-use tools such as net worth tracker, investment planner, fee analyzer, and budgeting tools.
Quickly combines all financial accounts on one well-organized page
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Risk-free. No obligation, doesn’t ask for credit card info.
Just click on the link above, give your email address and phone number, and combine all the information about your investments and assets conveniently on one secure site.
At RichonMoney.com, we try to provide accurate information on personal finance, investing, and real estate, but it may not apply directly to your individual situation. Please see our disclosure.
BLUF: I made a lot of money while I was in the military, gaining millionaire status well before my recent retirement at 20 years in.
I’m visiting a friend in Hawaii right now. We have a lot in common.
He retired from the Navy 20 years ago.
I retired from the Air Force 5 months ago.
Like me, he retired financially independent and never worked again.
He spends his days surfing, hanging out with friends, and traveling.
What we did, anyone can do while they’re in the military.
This is not me or Doug!
We both had enough money saved up to never work again.
I’ll show you the exact steps we used to get rich in the military.
Getting rich in the military requires a different strategy than the average civilian. There are unique challenges we face for both how to invest and how to buy real estate.
Getting rich in the military can be boiled down to doing three things correctly:
Saving Money while in the Military
Investing while in the Military
Real Estate while in the Military
I’ll talk through the specifics of each step then reveal at the end which one is by far the most important.
Let’s dig into this.
1. Saving Money while In the Military
The secret to saving money in the military is to grow the gap.
What the hell does that mean?
Growing the gap simply means expanding the distance between how much you spend and how much you earn.
I will show you exactly how to accurately estimate rental expenses.
Don’t be the investor who believes the rental expenses he’s given from the property seller!
Intro to Estimating Rental Expenses
I will give you formulas and methods to make accurate estimates even if you don’t have someone local in the area you can compare notes with.
There are several different methods for doing this. I’ll let you know which work best.
The ideal situation for accurately estimating expenses is to get the information directly from another investor that has rentals in the same area as you.
You can find these people through local clubs like a real estate investing association (REIA) or other investing group. Often these groups are on Facebook. You can find by searching key terms such as REIA or real estate investing and the name of your city.
If you can’t find investors that will help, talking to property managers is the next best thing.
Whether you get information from these people or not, it is still a good idea to use the tools here to make sure their rental estimates make sense.
Maintenance and Repairs
Maintenance and repairs are variable costs. These are difficult to predict and change often.
There are several “rules of thumb” that can help you estimate what repairs will be. I’m gonna break them all down for you, and tell you my favorite:
The 1% Rule for Expenses
The Square Footage Formula
The 5X Rule
The 5% Rule
The 50% Rule
Repairs are the most underestimated and neglected rental expenses in real estate investing.
Here are the rules to help estimate them:
1% Rule for Expenses
Don’t confuse this 1% rule with the more common 1% rule for rent. (Rents should be at least 1% of purchase price)
1% Rule for Expenses Definition: Maintenance and repairs will cost about 1% of the property value per year.
A property valued at $100,000 should cost $1,000 a year for repairs on average.
Pros: Easy to do in your head. Accounts for higher prices in high cost of living areas. Labor and supplies cost more in these area.
Cons: Not accurate on older properties under $100,000
I can tell you from personal experience owning 30 properties with an average cost of $75,000 each, this isn’t accurate at the low end of home prices.
Often when you find a property that cash flows well under $100,000, it is going to be a bit older and comparatively in worse condition. These two traits make repair prices higher.
From my experience, a 1.5% calculation off purchase price would be more accurate for run down properties purchased under $100,000.
Square Footage Formula
Plan on $1 per square foot for yearly maintenance costs.
A 1,000 sq ft home should cost about $1,000 in maintenance per year
Pros: More conservative than 1% rule above. Makes sense that larger homes have more costs due to increased area.
Cons: Does not accurately account for cost of living differences.
My average costs for repairs in Montgomery, AL are a lot lower than those in high cost of living areas (HCOL) like San Diego or Honolulu. This rule doesn’t account for those differences on the same size house.
Labor and supplies will cost more in high cost of living areas. To estimate rental expenses, adjust as needed.
5x Rule
Yearly maintenance costs will be approximately 1.5 times the monthly rental rate.
If your home rents for $1,000 a month, the estimate should be about $1,500 a year.
I’m not sure why it’s called the 5x Rule, but that’s how its described in several different places.
Pros: Rent prices tend to correlate with age, condition, and desirability of neighborhood
This rule is actually not widely used compared to the rest, but I find it the most useful because of its flexibility.
Cons: No rule is perfect, but this one is pretty good.
5% Rule
You should expect to spend 5% of your total income (total rents) on repairs and property maintenance.
$100,000 property rents for $1,000/mo X 12 months
$12,000 a year x 5% = $600 a year budget for repair expenses
Pros: Easy to calculate. Half of ten percent. You can do it in your head.
None.
Cons: Estimates come out too low.
While this a fairly well-known rule, I find it to be an unusually low estimate.
First, this is out of line with the 5x Rule, which states expenses will be 1.5 times monthly rent. I felt the 5x rule was the best estimate so far. If you do the math, that rule works out to 12.5% of total income on repairs.
The 5% rule here is way too low.
Not even half the estimate of the 5x rule.
Unless your property is close to new and in excellent repair, 5% expenses would be unlikely in reality.
That being said, I often see pro formas (estimate of expenses) on turnkey real estate or on other promotional literature about real estate investing that claim a 5% maintenance estimate.
Source: memegenerator.net
To add insult to injury, they often don’t include an estimated expense for capital expenditures, which means the 5% is meant to cover both.
This it why uniformed investors lose money on rental properties they buy.
50% Rule
Total operating costs will equal approximately 50% – or half – of your yearly rental property income.
This is probably the most popular formula for expenses, but it applies to all rental expenses, not just repairs and maintenance.
The 50% rule also applies to capital expenditures, property management, taxes, insurance, vacancy, and all other operating expenses.
Since property management is included, if you self-manage, you could probably use 40% as your rule, although the value of using your own time for management is worth something.
The estimates you get from these rules may need to be adjusted based on the following criteria:
age of the property
condition of the property
amount of turnover/crime in the area
cost of living
You should consider how much your prospective property differs from the average property. If yours is much older or in a much higher crime area, you should consider raising the estimates for your rental expenses to make up for the increased likelihood of higher expenses.
I believe the best formula is the 5x rule (1.5 x monthly rent). It can account for these variables better than the rest, and it’s conservative enough to keep you out of trouble.
To accurately estimate your expenses, you need to know the difference between maintenance/repairs and capital expenditures.
Capital expenditures are a separate category from maintenance/repairs. You need estimates for both.
The debate of should you buy or rent your home comes up often.
You’ve probably heard “experts” say owning a home gives the opportunity for significant earnings from appreciation. I make the counter-argument that buying a house just for appreciation is a losing strategy.
You’ve undoubtedly heard that renting is throwing moneyaway, and buying a house is a way of building equity.
I’m here to tell you, it is not that simple.
The following is a list of reasons buying is not always better than renting:
Primary Residences often Don’t Cash Flow Well
Rent does not have Additional Expenses
There are Several Expenses to Pay on Top of a Mortgage
Mortgage Pay-down Doesn’t Happen as Fast as you Think
Appreciation is often Overestimated
Primary Residences Don’t Cash Flow Well
I’m a real estate investor, and I almost never buy the house I’m living in.
Unfortunately, primary residences often don’t cash flow well because they have one or some of the following attributes:
New or Newer Home
Nice Neighborhood
Good School District
Low Crime
High Cost of Living Area
Near Beach, Lake, or River
By having any of these attributes, they are more desirable, and cause the price to rent ratio to be off. This means rent often doesn’t cover the mortgage.
Let me illustrate this point about primary residences by explaining what I did when I moved to Montgomery, Alabama for a military assignment.
I don’t buy a house unless it will cash flow well as a rental when I move away.
That goes for a primary residence or investment property.
For me, that means it would need to make more than a 7% return on investment, which is what I believe is easy to make in the stock market.
I use the 1% rule to give me an idea if a property will make a good rental or not.
Most people grossly overestimate the cash flow they are actually getting on their rental property.
At the same time, the people trying to sell you investment properties also have a habit of fudging the numbers on cash flow and return on investment.
I’m here to make sure you can spot these inflated numbers a mile away.
The mistake most people make is believing that your money left over after paying a mortgage each month is your cash flow.
Wrong.
You need to subtract your mortgage from rent, then subtract all other expenses to arrive at your actual cash flow.
In many people’s case, this is a negative number.
That means you are not cash flowing, you are paying money out of pocket to own this investment.
Make sure this doesn’t happen to you.
It is helpful to understand two simple concepts for this all to make sense.
Those two things are the 1% rule and 50 % rule, which are easy to do in your head, and can save you the trouble of breaking out the calculator for rental properties that clearly won’t make money.
1% Rule
The 1% rule is quick and easy. Monthly rent should be at least 1% of the acquisition price. The acquisition price may be a higher number than the purchase price. It is purchase price plus the money to get the house ready to rent.
Example.
$80,000 to purchase house plus
$20,000 remodeling equals
$100,000 acquisition cost.
$100,000 home should rent out for at least $1,000 a month, or it would not be a good investment.
What is the logic behind the 1% rule?
If a house will give you 1% of the purchase price each month in rent, then it gives you 12% of the purchase price each year. That apparently means the investment makes 12% a year!!!!
